"der" meaning in Middle English

See der in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /deːr/, /døːr/ (note: Southern, West Midland)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English dēor, from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|deer}}, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|dēor|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English dēor, {{inh+|enm|ang|dēor}} Inherited from Old English dēor, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*deuʀ}} Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*deuzą}} Proto-Germanic *deuzą, {{der|enm|ine-pro|*dʰwes-}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes- Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} der, {{enm-noun|pl=der}} der (plural der) Forms: der [plural], deer [alternative], dere [alternative], dier [alternative], deare [alternative, Late-Middle-English], dure [alternative, Late-Middle-English], deor [alternative], dor [alternative], duer [alternative], dur [alternative]
  1. A wild animal (especially a mammal or quadruped)
    Sense id: en-der-enm-noun-erVgykjQ Categories (other): Middle English nouns with invariant plurals, Animals, Cervids Disambiguation of Middle English nouns with invariant plurals: 26 36 39 Disambiguation of Animals: 50 44 6 Disambiguation of Cervids: 51 42 7
  2. A deer (animal of the family Cervidae)
    Sense id: en-der-enm-noun-XWuW-mGv Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English nouns with invariant plurals, Animals, Cervids Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 19 51 29 Disambiguation of Middle English nouns with invariant plurals: 26 36 39 Disambiguation of Animals: 50 44 6 Disambiguation of Cervids: 51 42 7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: reynder, wilde der
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|altform=1}} der
  1. (Lincolnshire) alternative form of dere (“harm”) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: dere (extra: harm)
    Sense id: en-der-enm-noun-5ToG0pQI Categories (other): Lincolnshire Middle English, Middle English nouns with invariant plurals Disambiguation of Middle English nouns with invariant plurals: 26 36 39
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "deer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "dere"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deir"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deyr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "deer"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dēor",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēor"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English dēor",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*deuʀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*deuzą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *deuzą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰwes-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English dēor, from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "der",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dier",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deare",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dure",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deor",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dor",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dur",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "der",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "der"
      },
      "expansion": "der (plural der)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reynder"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "wilde der"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 36 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 44 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animals",
          "orig": "enm:Animals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 42 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Cervids",
          "orig": "enm:Cervids",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A wild animal (especially a mammal or quadruped)"
      ],
      "id": "en-der-enm-noun-erVgykjQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "wild",
          "wild"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "mammal",
          "mammal#English"
        ],
        [
          "quadruped",
          "quadruped#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 51 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 36 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 44 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animals",
          "orig": "enm:Animals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 42 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Cervids",
          "orig": "enm:Cervids",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A deer (animal of the family Cervidae)"
      ],
      "id": "en-der-enm-noun-XWuW-mGv",
      "links": [
        [
          "deer",
          "deer"
        ],
        [
          "Cervidae",
          "Cervidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/deːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/døːr/",
      "note": "Southern, West Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "der"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "der",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "harm",
          "word": "dere"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lincolnshire Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 36 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of dere (“harm”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-der-enm-noun-5ToG0pQI",
      "links": [
        [
          "dere",
          "dere#Middle_English:_harm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Lincolnshire) alternative form of dere (“harm”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "der"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 30 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animals",
    "enm:Cervids"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "deer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "dere"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deir"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deyr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "deer"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dēor",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēor"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English dēor",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*deuʀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*deuzą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *deuzą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰwes-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English dēor, from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "der",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dier",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deare",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dure",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deor",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dor",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dur",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "der",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "der"
      },
      "expansion": "der (plural der)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "reynder"
    },
    {
      "word": "wilde der"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A wild animal (especially a mammal or quadruped)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wild",
          "wild"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "mammal",
          "mammal#English"
        ],
        [
          "quadruped",
          "quadruped#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A deer (animal of the family Cervidae)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deer",
          "deer"
        ],
        [
          "Cervidae",
          "Cervidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/deːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/døːr/",
      "note": "Southern, West Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "der"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
    "Pages with 30 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animals",
    "enm:Cervids"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "der",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "harm",
          "word": "dere"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Lincolnshire Middle English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of dere (“harm”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dere",
          "dere#Middle_English:_harm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Lincolnshire) alternative form of dere (“harm”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "der"
}

Download raw JSONL data for der meaning in Middle English (4.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lincolnshire",
  "path": [
    "der"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "der",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lincolnshire",
  "path": [
    "der"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "der",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.